R library douconca analyzes multi-trait
multi-environment ecological data by double constrained correspondence
analysis (ter Braak & van Rossum, 2025) using vegan and
native R code. It has a formula interface for the trait-
(column-) and environment- (row-) models, which allows to assess, for
example, the importance of trait interactions in shaping ecological
communities. Throughout the two step algorithm of ter Braak et
al. (2018) is used. This algorithm combines and extends community-
(sample-) and species-level analyses, i.e. the usual community weighted
means (CWM)-based regression analysis and the species-level analysis of
species-niche centroids (SNC)-based regression analysis. The CWM
regressions are specified with an environmental formula and the SNC
regressions are specified with a trait formula. dcCA finds the
environmental and trait gradients that optimize these regressions. The
first step uses
cca (Oksanen et al. 2022) to regress the transposed
abundance data on to the traits and (weighted) redundancy analysis to
regress the community-weighted means (CWMs) of the orthonormalized
traits, obtained from the first step, on to the environmental
predictors. The sample total of the abundance data are used as weights.
The redundancy analysis is carried out using
rda if sites have equal weights (after division of the
rows by their total) or, in the general weighted case, using
wrda. Division by the sample total has the advantage that
the multivariate analysis corresponds with an unweighted (multi-trait)
community-level analysis, instead of being weighted, which may give a
puzzling difference between common univariate and this multivariate
analysis.
References: ter Braak, CJF, Šmilauer P, and Dray S. 2018. Algorithms and biplots for double constrained correspondence analysis. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 25(2), 171-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-017-0395-x
ter Braak, C.J.F. and van Rossum, B. (2025). Linking Multivariate Trait Variation to the Environment: Advantages of Double Constrained Correspondence Analysis with the R Package Douconca. Ecological Informatics, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103143 ## Installation
You can install the CRAN version of douconca by:
install.packages("douconca")You can install the development version of douconca
by:
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("Biometris/douconca", ref = "develop", dependencies = TRUE)